San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank President Mary Daly said that unless the Iran conflict resolves quickly and the central bank can simply “look through” a temporary increase in oil prices, it is not clear what the next move on interest rates will need to be, Reuters reported on Monday.
Key quotes
There are at least two possible paths for the economy.
Protracted conflict may amplify monetary policy tradeoffs.
Fed needs to stay flexible on monetary policy given risks.
Too much forward guidance risks a false sense of certainty.
Economy impact would be short-lived if the war resolves quickly.
Recognising uncertainty is optimal communication.
Policy is in a good place.
No single most likely path for monetary policy.
We need to remain flexible and respond to evolving risks.
Market reaction
At the time of writing, the US Dollar Index (DXY) is trading around 99.17, down 0.33% on the day.
Fed FAQs
Monetary policy in the US is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, it raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs throughout the economy. This results in a stronger US Dollar (USD) as it makes the US a more attractive place for international investors to park their money.
When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, which weighs on the Greenback.
The Federal Reserve (Fed) holds eight policy meetings a year, where the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) assesses economic conditions and makes monetary policy decisions.
The FOMC is attended by twelve Fed officials – the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the remaining eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve may resort to a policy named Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used during crises or when inflation is extremely low. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy high grade bonds from financial institutions. QE usually weakens the US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process of QE, whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing, to purchase new bonds. It is usually positive for the value of the US Dollar.
